Targeting Alzheimer’s Disease: Current Pharmacological Strategies and Emerging Therapies

Abstract

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the main reason for dementia, notably affecting the growing older populace. It is characterized by innovative cognitive and practical decline, regularly accompanied by behavioral and psychological signs. Pathological hallmarks encompass the buildup of amyloid-beta plaques and tau tangles, leading to neuronal loss and brain atrophy. Current pharmacological remedies recognize symptom control rather than changing the ailment course. Cholinesterase inhibitors, donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, and NMDA receptor antagonists like memantine form the cornerstone of therapy, imparting modest improvements in cognition and daily functioning. Despite those improvements, the need for sickness-enhancing remedies remains pressing. Recent studies have focused on novel healing techniques targeting amyloid-beta and tau protein pathways, in addition to addressing neuroinflammation and oxidative pressure. This overview highlights the present pharmacological alternatives, their mechanisms of motion, efficacy, and barriers, whilst also exploring rising treatment options that hold promise for transforming AD management in destiny.