Gut Microbiota and its impact on metabolic disorders

Abstract

The numerous communities of microorganisms in the gut, called the human gut microbiota, living in the gastrointestinal tract, perform a critical role in maintaining metabolic balance. Interacting with the host’s diet and physiology, this complicated environment of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and archaea considerably affects diverse metabolic processes. Imbalances in gut microbiota composition, called dysbiosis, have been related to the onset of metabolic issues like obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Several mechanisms underline the gut microbiota's contribution to metabolic health, which includes the fermentation of dietary fibres to provide short-chain fatty acids, modulation of energy extraction from food, regulation of gut barrier function, and effect on host immune responses. Moreover, the intestine microbiota can affect systemic metabolism by affecting adipose tissue function, insulin sensitivity, and lipid metabolism. Recent research underscores the potential of therapeutic techniques for modulating the gut microbiota to cope with metabolic disorders. Probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary interventions to foster a healthy gut microbiota composition have proven to enhance metabolic parameters in animal and human studies. Exploring the complicated relationship between gut microbiota and metabolic disorders offers promising avenues for growing novel therapeutic approaches. This review highlights the role of gut microbiota and its role in gut and metabolic diseases; further studies are vital to get to the bottom of the particular mechanisms through which the gut microbiota affects metabolic health to identify personalized techniques for manipulating the microbiota to prevent and deal with metabolic disorders.