Utilizing Specific Genes to Detect Brucella spp. and Investigating Immunological Alterations in Suspected Brucellosis Patients from Babylon province

Abstract

Brucellosis continued to be a primary cause of illness in people and animals globally.

Objective: Genetic investigation for the identification of Brucella spp. and examination of immune system responses in probable Brucellosis infections in Babylon city.

Materials and methods: The research was carried out from March 2024 to August 2024, a span of six months. In all, 150 male and female patients between the ages of 15 and 55 attended private clinics in the province of Babylon. The Rose Bengal test came up positive for these individuals. Each patient had blood drawn, and 20 samples from healthy people who served as the control group were also taken. Following PCR detection of Brucella spp., a number of immunological markers linked to brucellosis were assessed.

Results: The Rose Bengal test identified Brucella spp. in 53 (46.2%) of 150 blood samples from individuals with brucellosis. Outcomes of research on the identification of Brucella bacteria with a particular Bcsp31 gene primer derived from blood samples. The primer combination used in this study amplified a 223 bp fragment from Brucella, with 22 out of 53 blood samples testing positive for Rose Bengal. Comparison of mean Perforin and granzyme B protein levels between case and control groups. The research revealed substantial elevations in Perforin (19.52±3.88) and granzyme B (74.31±13.88) levels in individuals with Brucellosis relative to the control group (6.39±6.33) (P≥0.05). The research indicated that individuals with Brucellosis had elevated IL-12 levels (287.54±12.18 ng/ml) relative to the control group (188.08±2.29 ng/ml), demonstrating a statistically significant difference (P<0.05).

Conclusion: To fully comprehend the immunological response to Brucella, a thorough knowledge of the functions of perforin and granzyme was required. B.